
Such was the instruction Trump issued to Steve Witkoff before the latter’s departure for the Middle East. Just do the same hard-nosed pragmatism Kissinger did, Steve, and everything will be… Oh well, forget Kissinger. But you know what I mean.
This phrase and its variants go back to Lord Palmerston (d.1865), who showed his aphoristic talent by saying: “We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies, only eternal and perpetual interests.”
Like most spiffy epigrams, this one is open to criticism. One could point out that national interests are hardly ever “eternal and perpetual”. Thus, in Lord Palmerston’s time, Britain’s interests lay in empire building, but I doubt many people would insist that the same is the case at present.
Be that as it may, the underlying amoral approach to politics was laid down by Machiavelli in his three seminal books, The Prince, The Art of War and Discourses.
Machiavelli is often seen as the founder of political science, a dispassionate study of the world as it is, not as it should be. The opposite of that is utopian idealism, as personified by the likes of Plato, Augustine or More.
However, though he inclined towards anti-clericalism, Machiavelli also said that “there is no surer sign of decay in a country than to see the rites of religion held in contempt”. This highlights the danger of reducing serious statesmen and thinkers to the bare bones of epigrammatic clichés.
Palmerston was a strong statesman, possibly one of our best prime ministers ever, and definitely one of the best foreign secretaries. And Machiavelli, despite all his faults, was one of the most significant political thinkers in history.
Alas, for whatever reason, great practitioners and theoreticians of politics aren’t lying thick on the ground nowadays. Hard though I look at modern politicians, I can’t discern a Palmerston anywhere. Nor is one often regaled with penetrating political thought on Machiavelli’s level.
Hence modern politicians trying to put cold-blooded, realistic statecraft of realpolitik before principles often resemble a savage using a Stradivarius as a clubbing weapon. Still, courtesy of Donald Trump, words like ‘common sense’, ‘pragmatism’ and ‘interests’ now seem to be antonyms of principles, philosophies and values.
Therein lies a problem. For principles are the axle around which the wheels of interests turn. Break the axle, and the wheels will come off, sending the vehicle careering into the ditch.
Principles are ironclad and immutable (“eternal and perpetual”), whereas interests change kaleidoscopically. This happens so fast, often so chaotically, that interests may prove elusive, hard to define and understand. And when politicians can’t boast the mind of Machiavelli or the vision of Palmerston, ‘hard’ may well become ‘impossible’.
For example, before the Japanese made up America’s mind for her by raiding Pearl Harbour, the widespread, not to say dominant, view there was that the European war had nothing to do with the US.
Roosevelt and his ‘globalists’ were talking values, such as democracy, freedom, historical alliances or international law, as a justification for entering the war. At the same time, isolationist America Firsters countered with an appeal to national interests, which, according to them, would be ill-served by belligerence.
However, much as it pains me to point this out, it was the generally hideous FDR who was proved right, not his conservative opponents. Had America not entered the war, she wouldn’t have become a global superpower enjoying unprecedented prosperity for the subsequent decades as the recognised Leader of the Free World.
That was one instance of principles overlapping with interests, but there are many others. One could mention in this context the British clash of pragmatists and idealists, personified respectively by Chamberlain and Churchill. The former led Britain to the surrender at Munich, the latter to victory. Principles turned out to coincide with interests.
In fact, such cases greatly outnumber situations when principles and interests diverge. And when they do diverge, it often turns out that the principles were correct and the interests misconceived.
Witness the post-war situation. America poured billions into rebuilding the Soviet economy, which was a continuation of the massive effort that started immediately after the Bolshevik revolution. In effect, that meant rebuilding the Soviet war machine since the country’s economy was greatly militarised before, during and after the war.
The principle of opposing communism played second fiddle to the massive investment in new markets before and after the war. Sure enough, American companies made billions from those ventures. But it then cost the country trillions to protect itself from the monster weaned on American investment and technologies.
Had the US followed the general principle of opposing communist evil, she would have kept the Soviet Union on short rations, starved and unable to threaten American (and generally Western) interests all over the globe. I could also mention China in this context, but there is no need: you get the idea.
Principles and values don’t just appear out of thin air. Before reaching their final form, they undergo historical development. Even Christian tenets had taken several centuries before their true meaning sank in, and a few more before they could be translated into concrete political realities.
The same goes for sound political principles that, in the West, can be traced back to Judaeo-Christian morality. Yet it was a case of careful adaptation, not wholesale borrowing: you can’t run a state on the Sermon on the Mount or even on the Decalogue. But it was indeed adaptation, not abandonment.
Having said that, politicians aren’t religious zealots who go on repeating Luther’s statement “Here I stand, I can do no other.” (Hier stehe ich, ich kann nicht anders, for the German-speakers among you.)
Following principles shouldn’t lead to collective suicide, and compromises are inevitable. But before they are made, there should exist something to compromise.
It’s like studying a foreign language: one has to learn every rule of grammar first before understanding when and where it’s possible to deviate from them. If deviation comes before the rules, incoherence will result.
That’s where politics is different from property development, an activity that formed and informed the mindset of Donald Trump and his special envoy. A property developer builds his fortune deal by deal, hoping that credits will exceed debits. Once another high-rise has gone up and the profit has been banked (or losses written off), it’s on to the next project, with the old one consigned to pleasant or bitter memory.
No principle is involved, just interest, compounded or otherwise. And, as Vespasian explained, money doesn’t smell. Nor does it impose any intellectual demands beyond primary-school arithmetic.
This is an over-simplification, but it serves the purpose of highlighting the complexity of thought needed to identify true political interests. At the risk of upsetting some of my friends, I have to say that neither Trump nor especially Witkoff seems capable of the deep and nuanced thinking required.
But they don’t need to be. Simply following first principles would help them secure long-term American interests.
With both diplomatic missions regrettably entrusted to Witkoff, that is Israel and the Ukraine, the principles involved are simple to grasp, as are the country’s long-term interests.
Israel, for all its numerous faults, is America’s friend, as is the Ukraine, for all its even more numerous faults. Conversely, Hamas Palestine and its Arab backers, such as Qatar, for all their merits that are more obvious to the Trump Organisation than to the US, are America’s enemies.
It’s both moral and pragmatic to stand by the country’s friends against their enemies. Allowing terrorist organisations to overrun Israel would empower them no end, creating a serious threat to the US and an existential one to some of America’s smaller friends in the West.
Also, allowing Putin to extinguish Ukrainian sovereignty will have the same effect on Europe as did allowing Hitler to extinguish Czech sovereignty. Putin will be emboldened to press on. And America’s allies will realise they can no longer rely on America – meaning that America will no longer be able to rely on them.
And, should another major war break out in Europe, America again won’t be able to sit it out. The country’s interests are too intricately intertwined with European ones.
So when that functional illiterate Witcoff sets off for another diplomatic junket, a much better instruction would be to proceed from first principles, not from what he may see as the country’s interests but what is in fact fool’s gold. Only that way would he be able to serve the country’s interests as they are, not as they appear to be on a balance sheet.
P.S. Speaking of fool’s gold, the boss of Rolex gave Trump a gold table clock and a 1kg gold bar engraved with the president’s name. A week later, Trump announced he would lower his tariff on Switzerland from 39 to 15 per cent.
This sort of thing may be called bribery in some quarters, but then Trump has a particular affection for the shiny yellow stuff. Even the airliner he received from the Qataris featured lots of gilded surfaces, reflecting the refined taste of both donor and recipient.
How does he get away with this?








